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Component documentation Syntax List Locate the document in the library structure

The syntax notation used in this document is BNF.

Significant changes to the syntax as compared with database version 7.5 are described in the section Syntax Changes.

A

<add_definition> ::=
  ADD <column_definition>,...
| ADD (<column_definition>,...)
| ADD <constraint_definition>
| ADD <key_definition>
| ADD <referential_constraint_definition>

<alias_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<all_function> ::=
  <set_function_name>([ALL] <expression>)

<alter_definition> ::=
  ALTER CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> CHECK <search_condition>
| ALTER <key_definition>

<alter_index_statement> ::=
  ALTER INDEX <index_name> [ON <table_name>] ENABLE
| ALTER INDEX <index_name> [ON <table_name>] DISABLE
| ALTER INDEX <index_name> [ON <table_name>] INIT USAGE

<alter_password_statement>::=
  ALTER PASSWORD <old_password> TO <new_password>
| ALTER PASSWORD <user_name> <new_password>

<alter_table_statement> ::=
  ALTER TABLE <table_name> <add_definition>
| ALTER TABLE <table_name> <alter_definition>
| ALTER TABLE <table_name> <column_change_definition>
| ALTER TABLE <table_name> <drop_definition>
| ALTER TABLE <table_name> <modify_definition>
| ALTER TABLE <table_name> <referential_constraint_definition>
| ALTER TABLE <table_name> <sample_definition>

<alter_user_statement> ::=
  ALTER USER <user_name> [<user_mode>]
    [TIMEOUT <unsigned_integer> | TIMEOUT NULL]
    [COSTWARNING <unsigned_integer> | COSTWARNING NULL]
    [COSTLIMIT <unsigned_integer> | COSTLIMIT NULL]
    [DEFAULT ROLE ALL [EXCEPT <role_name>] | DEFAULT ROLE NONE | DEFAULT ROLE <role_name>]
    [[NOT] EXCLUSIVE]
    [DEFAULTCODE ASCII]
    [DEFAULTCODE UNICODE]
    [<connect_mode>]

<alter_usergroup_statement> ::=
  ALTER USERGROUP <usergroup_name> [<usergroup_mode>]
    [TIMEOUT <unsigned_integer> | TIMEOUT NULL]
    [COSTWARNING <unsigned_integer> | COSTWARNING NULL]
    [COSTLIMIT <unsigned_integer> | COSTLIMIT NULL]
    [DEFAULT ROLE ALL [EXCEPT <role_name>] | DEFAULT ROLE NONE | DEFAULT ROLE <role_name>]
    [[NOT] EXCLUSIVE]
    [DEFAULTCODE ASCII]
    [DEFAULTCODE UNICODE]
    [<connect_mode>]

<argument> ::=
  <identifier>

<argument1> ::=
  <identifier>

<arithmetic_function> ::=
  ABS (<expression> )
| CEIL ( <expression> )
| EXP ( <expression> )
| FIXED ( <expression>[, <unsigned_integer> [, <unsigned_integer>] ] )
| FLOAT ( <expression>[, <unsigned_integer> ] )
| FLOOR ( <expression> )
| INDEX ( <string_spec>, <string_spec> [,<expression>[, <expression>] ] )
| LENGTH ( <expression> )
| LN ( <expression> )
| LOG ( <expression>, <expression> )
| NOROUND ( <expression> )
| PI
| POWER ( <expression>, <expression> )
| ROUND ( <expression>[, <expression>] )
| SIGN ( <expression> )
| SQRT ( <expression> )
| TRUNC ( <expression>[, <expression>] )

<ASCII_or_UNICODE> ::=
  ASCII
| UNICODE

<assignment_statement> ::=
  SET <variable_name> = <expression>

B

<between_predicate> ::=
  <expression> [NOT] BETWEEN <expression> AND <expression>

<bool_predicate> ::=
  <column_spec> [IS [NOT] TRUE | IS [NOT] FALSE]

<boolean_factor> ::=
  [NOT] <predicate>
| [NOT] (<search_condition>)

<boolean_term> ::=
  <boolean_factor>
| <boolean_term> AND <boolean_factor>

C

<call_statement> ::=
  CALL <dbproc_name> [(<expression>,...)] [WITH COMMIT]

<cascade_option> ::=
  CASCADE
| RESTRICT

<case_else_clause> ::=
  ELSE <statement>;

<case_function> ::=
  <simple_case_function>
| <searched_case_function>

<case_statement> ::=
  <simple_case_statement>
| <searched_case_statement>

<character> ::=
  <digit>
| <letter>
| <extended_letter>
| <hex_digit>
| <language_specific_character>
| <special_character>

<check_expression> ::=
  <expression>

<close_statement> ::=
  CLOSE [<result_table_name>]

<column_attributes> ::=
  [<key_or_not_null_spec>] [<default_spec>] [UNIQUE] [<constraint_definition>]
    [REFERENCES <referenced_table> [(<referenced_column>)] [<delete_rule>]]

<column_change_definition> ::=
  
COLUMN <column_name> ADD <default_spec>
| COLUMN <column_name> ALTER <default_spec>
| COLUMN <column_name> DEFAULT NULL
| COLUMN <column_name> DROP DEFAULT
| COLUMN <column_name> NOT NULL

<column_definition> ::=
  <column_name> <data_type> [<column_attributes>]
| <column_name> <domain_name> [<column_attributes>]

<column_list> ::=
  <column_name>
| <column_list>, <column_name>

<column_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<column_spec> ::=
  <column_name>
| <table_name>.<column_name>
| <reference_name>.<column_name>
| <result_table_name>.<column_name>

<comment> ::=
  <string_literal>
| <parameter_name>

<comment_on_statement> ::=
  COMMENT ON <object_spec> IS <comment>

<commit_statement> ::=
  COMMIT [WORK]

<comp_op> ::=
  <
| >
| <>
| !=
| =
| <=
| >=
| ~= <!  
for computers with ASCII code  !>
| ~< <!  
for computers with ASCII code  !>
| ~> <!  
for computers with ASCII code     !>

<comparison_predicate> ::=
  <expression> <comp_op> <expression>
| <expression> <comp_op> <subquery>
| <expression_list> <equal_or_not> (<expression_list>)
| <expression_list> <equal_or_not> <subquery>

<connect_mode> ::=
  ENABLE CONNECT
| DISABLE CONNECT

<connect_option> ::=
  SQLMODE <INTERNAL_ANSI_DB2_ORACLE>
| ISOLATION LEVEL <unsigned_integer>
| TIMEOUT <unsigned_integer>

<connect_statement> ::=
  CONNECT <parameter_name> IDENTIFIED BY <parameter_name> [<connect_option> ...]
| CONNECT <parameter_name> IDENTIFIED BY <password> [<connect_option> ...]
| CONNECT <user_name> IDENTIFIED BY <parameter_name> [<connect_option> ...]
| CONNECT <user_name> IDENTIFIED BY <password> [<connect_option> ...]

<constraint_definition> ::=
  CHECK <search_condition>
| CONSTRAINT <search_condition>
| CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> CHECK <search_condition>

<constraint_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<conversion_function> ::=
  
CHAR (<expression>[,<datetimeformat>])
| CHR (<expression>[,<unsigned_integer>])
| HEX (<expression>)
| HEXTORAW (<expression>)
| NUM (<expression>)

<create_dbproc_statement> ::=
  CREATE DBPROC[EDURE] <dbproc_name> [(<formal_parameter>,...)] [RETURNS CURSOR] AS <routine>

<create_domain_statement> ::=
  CREATE DOMAIN <domain_name> <data_type> [<default_spec>] [<constraint_definition>]

<create_function_statement> ::=
  CREATE [PUBLIC] FUNCTION <dbfunction_name>
    [(<formal_parameter1>,...)] RETURNS <data_type> [DETERMINISTIC] AS <routine>

<create_index_statement> ::=
  CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX <index_name> ON <table_name> (<index_spec>)

<create_role_statement> ::=
  CREATE ROLE <role_name> [IDENTIFIED BY <password>]

<create_schema_statement> ::=
  CREATE SCHEMA <schema_name_clause> [<schema_element> ...]

<create_sequence_statement> ::=
  CREATE SEQUENCE [<schema_name>.]<sequence_name>
    [INCREMENT BY <integer>]
    [START WITH <integer>]
    [MAXVALUE <integer> | NOMAXVALUE]
    [MINVALUE <integer> | NOMINVALUE]
    [CYCLE | NOCYCLE]
    [CACHE <unsigned_integer> | NOCACHE]
    [ORDER | NOORDER]

<create_synonym_statement> ::=
  CREATE [PUBLIC] SYNONYM [<schema_name>.]<synonym_name> FOR <table_name>

<create_system_trigger_statement> ::=
  CREATE SYSTEM TRIGGER [<schema_name>.]<trigger_name> AFTER RESTART EXECUTE (<routine>)

<create_table_statement> ::=
  CREATE TABLE <table_name> (<column_definition> [,<table_description_element>,...])
    [IGNORE ROLLBACK] [<sample_definition>]
| CREATE TABLE <table_name> [(<table_description_element>,...)]
    [IGNORE ROLLBACK] [<sample_definition>]
    AS <query_expression> [<duplicates_clause>]
| CREATE TABLE <table_name> LIKE <table_name> [IGNORE ROLLBACK]

<create_table_temp> :: =
  
<!  <create_table_statement> for creating temporary tables, that is,
      the table name table_name in the CREATE TABLE statement
      must have the form TEMP.<identifier>.  !>

<create_trigger_statement> ::=
  CREATE TRIGGER <trigger_name> FOR <table_name> AFTER <trigger_event>,...
    EXECUTE (<routine>) [WHENEVER <search_condition>]

<create_user_statement> ::=
  CREATE USER <user_name> PASSWORD <password>
    [<user_mode>]
    [TIMEOUT <unsigned_integer>]
    [COSTWARNING <unsigned_integer>]
    [COSTLIMIT <unsigned_integer>]
    [[NOT] EXCLUSIVE]
    [DEFAULTCODE <ASCII_or_UNICODE>]
    [<connect_mode>]
| CREATE USER <user_name> PASSWORD <password> LIKE <source_user>
| CREATE USER <user_name> PASSWORD <password> USERGROUP <usergroup_name>

<create_usergroup_statement> ::=
  CREATE USERGROUP <usergroup_name>
    [<usergroup_mode>]
    [TIMEOUT <unsigned_integer>]
    [COSTWARNING <unsigned_integer>]
    [COSTLIMIT <unsigned_integer>]
    [[NOT] EXCLUSIVE]
    [DEFAULTCODE ASCII_or_UNICODE]
    [<connect_mode>]

<create_view_statement> ::=
  CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW <table_name> [(<alias_name>,...)]
    AS <query_expression> [WITH CHECK OPTION]

D

<data_type> ::=
  CHAR[ACTER] [(<unsigned_integer>)] [ASCII | BYTE | UNICODE]
| VARCHAR [(<unsigned_integer>)] [ASCII | BYTE | UNICODE]
| LONG [VARCHAR] [ASCII | BYTE | UNICODE]
| BOOLEAN
| FIXED (<unsigned_integer> [,<unsigned_integer>])
| FLOAT (<unsigned_integer>)
| INT[EGER]
| SMALLINT
| DATE
| TIME
| TIMESTAMP

<date_function> ::=
  ADDDATE (<date_or_timestamp_expression>, <expression>)
| DATEDIFF ( <date_or_timestamp_expression>, <date_or_timestamp_expression> )
| DAYNAME ( <date_or_timestamp_expression> )
| DAYOFMONTH ( <date_or_timestamp_expression> )
| DAYOFWEEK ( <date_or_timestamp_expression> )
| DAYOFYEAR ( <date_or_timestamp_expression> )
| MAKEDATE ( <expression>, <expression> )
| MONTHNAME ( <date_or_timestamp_expression> )
| SUBDATE ( <date_or_timestamp_expression>, <expression> )
| WEEKOFYEAR ( <date_or_timestamp_expression> )

<date_or_timestamp_expression> ::=
  <expression>

<datetimeformat> ::=
  EUR
| INTERNAL
| ISO
| JIS
| USA

<dbfunction_call> ::=
  <dbfunction_name> ( [<expression>,...] )

<dbfunction_name> ::=
  [<schema_name>.]<identifier>

<dbproc_name> ::=
  [<schema_name>.]<identifier>

<declare_cursor_statement> ::=
  DECLARE <result_table_name> CURSOR FOR <select_statement>

<default_expression> ::=
  <expression>

<default_predicate> ::=
  <column_spec> <comp_op> DEFAULT

<default_spec> ::=
  DEFAULT <literal>
| DEFAULT NULL
| DEFAULT USER
| DEFAULT USERGROUP
| DEFAULT SYSDBA
| DEFAULT DATE
| DEFAULT TIME
| DEFAULT TIMESTAMP
| DEFAULT UTCDATE
| DEFAULT UTCDIFF
| DEFAULT TIMEZONE
| DEFAULT TRUE
| DEFAULT FALSE
| DEFAULT TRANSACTION
| DEFAULT STAMP
| DEFAULT SERIAL[(<unsigned_integer>)]

<delete_rule> ::=
  ON DELETE CASCADE
| ON DELETE RESTRICT
| ON DELETE SET DEFAULT
| ON DELETE SET NULL

<delete_statement> ::=
  DELETE [FROM] <table_name> [<reference_name>]
    [KEY <key_spec>,...] [WHERE <search_condition>] [IGNORE TRIGGER] [NOWAIT]
| DELETE [FROM] <table_name> [<reference_name>]
    WHERE CURRENT OF <result_table_name> [NOWAIT]

<delimiter_token> ::=
  <vertical_slash> | , | . | + | - | * | / | < | > | <> | != | = | <= | >=
  | ~= <!  
for computers with ASCII code  !>
  | ~< <!  
for computers with ASCII code  !>
| ~> <!  
for computers with ASCII code     !>

<derived_column> ::=
  <expression> [ [AS] <result_column_name>]

<digit> ::=
  0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

<digit_sequence> ::=
  <digit>...

<distinct_function> ::=
  <set_function_name>(DISTINCT <expression>)

<distinct_spec> ::=
  DISTINCT
| ALL

<domain_name> ::=
  [<schema_name>.]<identifier>

<double_quotes> ::=
  "

<drop_dbproc_statement> ::=
  DROP DBPROC[EDURE] <dbproc_name>

<drop_definition> ::=
  DROP <column_name>,... [<cascade_option>] [RELEASE SPACE]
| DROP (<column_name>,...) [<cascade_option>] [RELEASE SPACE]
| DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint_name>
| DROP FOREIGN KEY <referential_constraint_name>
| DROP PRIMARY KEY

<drop_domain_statement> ::=
  DROP DOMAIN <domain_name>

<drop_function_statement> ::=
  DROP [PUBLIC] FUNCTION <dbfunction_name>

<drop_index_statement> ::=
  DROP INDEX <index_name> [ON <table_name>]

<drop_role_statement> ::=
  DROP ROLE <role_name>

<drop_schema_statement> ::=
  DROP SCHEMA <schema_name> [<cascade_option>]

<drop_sequence_statement> ::=
  DROP SEQUENCE [<schema_name>.]<sequence_name>

<drop_synonym_statement> ::=
  DROP [PUBLIC] SYNONYM [<schema_name>.]<synonym_name>

<drop_system_trigger_statement> ::=
  DROP SYSTEM TRIGGER [<schema_name>.]<trigger_name>

<drop_table_statement> ::=
  DROP TABLE <table_name> [<cascade_option>]

<drop_table_temp> ::=
  DROP TABLE TEMP.<identifier>

<drop_trigger_statement> ::=
  DROP TRIGGER <trigger_name> OF <table_name>

<drop_user_statement> ::=
  DROP USER <user_name> [<cascade_option>]

<drop_usergroup_statement> ::=
  DROP USERGROUP <usergroup_name> [<cascade_option>]

<drop_view_statement> ::=
  DROP VIEW <table_name> [<cascade_option>]

<duplicates_clause> ::=
  REJECT DUPLICATES
| IGNORE DUPLICATES
| UPDATE DUPLICATES

E

<equal_or_not> ::=
  <>
| =
| ~= <!  
for computer with ASCII code  !>

<exists_predicate> ::=
  EXISTS <subquery>

<exists_table_statement> ::=
  EXISTS TABLE <table_name>

<explain_statement> ::=
  EXPLAIN [(<result_table_name>)] <query_statement>
| EXPLAIN [(<result_table_name>)] <single_select_statement>

<exponent> ::=
  [<sign>][[<digit>]<digit>]<digit>

<expression> ::=
  <term>
| <expression> + <term>
| <expression> - <term>

<expression_list> ::=
  (<expression>,...)

<extended_expression> ::=
  <expression>
| DEFAULT
| STAMP

<extended_letter> ::=
  #
| @
| $

<extended_value_spec> ::=
  DEFAULT
| STAMP
| <value_spec>

<extraction_function> ::=
  DATE ( <expression> )
| DAY ( <date_or_timestamp_expression> )
| HOUR ( <time_or_timestamp_expression> )
| MICROSECOND ( <expression> )
| MINUTE ( <time_or_timestamp_expression> )
| MONTH ( <date_or_timestamp_expression> )
| SECOND ( <time_or_timestamp_expression> )
| TIME ( <expression> )
| TIMESTAMP ( <expression>[, <expression> ] )
| YEAR ( <date_or_timestamp_expression> )

F

<factor> ::=
  [<sign>] <value_spec>
| [<sign>] <column_spec>
| [<sign>] <function_spec>
| [<sign>] <set_function_spec>
| <scalar_subquery>
| <expression>

<fetch_statement> ::=
  FETCH [FIRST | LAST | NEXT | PREV | <position> | SAME] [<result_table_name>]
    INTO <parameter_spec>,...

<final_select> ::=
  <select_statement>

<first_character> ::=
  <letter>
| <extended_letter>
| <language_specific_character>

<first_password_character> ::=
  <letter>
| <extended_letter>
| <language_specific_character>
| <digit>

<fixed_point_literal> ::=
  [<sign>]<digit_sequence>[.<digit_sequence>]
| [<sign>]<digit_sequence>.
| [<sign>].<digit_sequence>

<floating_point_literal> ::=
  <mantissa>E<exponent>
| <mantissa>e<exponent>

<formal_parameter> ::=
  IN <argument> <data_type>
| OUT <argument> <data_type>
| INOUT <argument> <data_type>

<formal_parameter1> ::=
  <argument1> <data_type>

<from_clause> ::=
  FROM <from_table_spec>,...

<from_table_spec> ::=
  <table_name> [AS][<reference_name>]
| <result_table_name> [AS][<reference_name>]
| (<query_expression>) [AS][<reference_name>]
| <joined_table>

<function_spec> ::=
  <arithmetic_function>
| <conversion_function>
| <date_function>
| <dbfunction_call>

| <extraction_function>
| <special_function>
| <string_function>
| <time_function>
| <trigonometric_function>

G

<grant_statement> ::=
  GRANT <priv_spec>,... TO <grantee>,... [WITH GRANT OPTION]
| GRANT <schema_priv_spec> TO <grantee>,...

| GRANT EXECUTE ON <dbproc_name> TO <grantee>,...
| GRANT EXECUTE ON <dbfunction_name> TO <grantee>,...

| GRANT SELECT ON <sequence_name> TO <grantee>,... [WITH GRANT OPTION]

<grant_user_statement> ::=
  GRANT USER <granted_users> [FROM <user_name>] TO <user_name>

<grant_usergroup_statement> ::=
  GRANT USERGROUP <granted_usergroups> [FROM <user_name>] TO <user_name>

<granted_usergroups> ::=
  <usergroup_name>,...
| *

<granted_users> ::=
  <user_name>,...
| *

<grantee> ::=
  <user_name>
| <usergroup_name>
| <role_name>
| PUBLIC

<group_clause> ::=
  GROUP BY <expression>,...

H

<having_clause> ::=
  HAVING <search_condition>

<hex_digit> ::=
  0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| A | B | C | D | E | F
| a | b | c | d | e | f

<hex_digit_seq> ::=
  <hex_digit><hex_digit>
| <hex_digit_seq><hex_digit><hex_digit>

<hex_literal> ::=
  x''
| X''
| x'<hex_digit_seq>'
| X'<hex_digit_seq>'

<hours> ::=
  <expression>

I

<identifier> ::=
  <simple_identifier>
| <double_quotes><special_identifier><double_quotes>

<identifier_tail_character> ::=
  <digit>
| <letter>
| <extended_letter>
| <language_specific_character>
| <underscore>

<if_statement> ::=
  IF <search_condition> THEN <statement> [ELSE <statement>]

<in_predicate> ::=
  <expression> [NOT] IN <subquery>
| <expression> [NOT] IN <expression_list>
| <expression_list> [NOT] IN <subquery>
| <expression_list> [NOT] IN (<expression_list>,...)

<index_column_name> ::=
  <column_name> [ASC|DESC]

<index_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<index_spec> ::=
  <index_column_name>,...
| <dbfunction_name> (<column_name>,...) [ASC|DESC]

<indicator_name> ::=
  <parameter_name>

<initial_select> ::=
  <query_spec>

<inner_transaction_statement> ::=
  INNER TRANSACTION BEGIN
| INNER TRANSACTION COMMIT
| INNER TRANSACTION ROLLBACK

<insert_expression> ::=
  <extended_expression>
| <subquery>

<insert_statement> ::=
  INSERT [INTO] <table_name> [(<column_name>,...)]
  VALUES (<insert_expression>,...) [<duplicates_clause>] [IGNORE TRIGGER]
[NOWAIT]
| INSERT [INTO] <table_name> [(<column_name>,...)]
    <query_expression> [<duplicates_clause>] [IGNORE TRIGGER]
[NOWAIT]
| INSERT [INTO] <table_name> SET <set_insert_clause>,...
    [<duplicates_clause>] [IGNORE TRIGGER]
[NOWAIT]

<integer> ::=
  [<sign>]<unsigned_integer>

<INTERNAL_ANSI_DB2_ORACLE> ::=
  INTERNAL
| ANSI
| DB2
| ORACLE

J

<join_predicate> ::=
  <expression> [<outer_join_indicator>] <comp_op> <expression> [<outer_join_indicator>]

<join_spec> ::=
  ON <search_condition>

<joined_table> ::=
  <from_table_spec> CROSS JOIN <from_table_spec>
| <from_table_spec> [INNER] JOIN <from_table_spec> <join_spec>
| <from_table_spec> [LEFT [OUTER] | RIGHT [OUTER] | FULL [OUTER]] JOIN
    <from_table_spec> <join_spec>

K

<key_definition> ::
  PRIMARY KEY (<column_name>,...)

<key_or_not_null_spec> ::=
  [PRIMARY] KEY
| NOT NULL [WITH DEFAULT]

<key_spec> ::=
  <column_name> = <value_spec>

<key_word> ::=
  <not_reserved_key_word>
| <reserved_key_word>

L

<language_specific_character> ::=
  <!  <every letter that occurs in a Northern, Central, or Southern European language
   and is not included in the <letter> list>
| <for UNICODE-enabled databases: every character that is not included in the
   ASCII code list from 0 to 127>  !>

<letter> ::=
  A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M
| N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m
| n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z

<like_expression> ::=
  <expression>
| '<pattern_element>...'

<like_predicate> ::=
  <expression> [NOT] LIKE <like_expression> [ESCAPE <expression>]

<limit_clause> ::=
  LIMIT <row_count>
| LIMIT <offset>,<row_count>

<literal> ::=
  <string_literal>
| <numeric_literal>

<local_variable> ::=
  <variable_name> <data_type>

<local_variable_list> ::=
  <local_variable>
| <local_variable_list>;<local_variable>

<local_variables> ::=
  VAR <local_variable_list>;

<lock_option> ::=
  WITH LOCK [(IGNORE)|(NOWAIT)] [EXCLUSIVE | OPTIMISTIC] [ISOLATION LEVEL <unsigned_integer>]

<lock_spec> ::=
  TABLE <table_name>,...
| <row_spec> ...
| TABLE <table_name>,... <row_spec> ...

<lock_statement> ::=
  LOCK [(WAIT)|(NOWAIT)] <lock_spec> IN SHARE MODE
| LOCK [(WAIT)|(NOWAIT)] <lock_spec> IN EXCLUSIVE MODE
| LOCK [(WAIT)|(NOWAIT)] <row_spec> ... OPTIMISTIC
| LOCK [(WAIT)|(NOWAIT)] <lock_spec> IN SHARE MODE <lock_spec> IN EXCLUSIVE MODE

M

<mantissa> ::=
  <fixed_point_literal>

<mapchar_set_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<match_char> ::=
  <!  
Every character except
    %
  | X'1F'
  | <underscore>
  | X'1E'   !>

<match_set> ::=
  <underscore>
| X'1E'
| <match_char>

<match_string> ::=
  %
| X'1F'

<minutes> ::=
  <expression>

<modify_column_definition> ::=
  
<column_name> <data_type> <column_attributes>
| <column_name> <data_type>
| <column_name> <column_attributes>

<modify_definition> ::=
  MODIFY (<modify_column_definition>,...)

<monitor_statement> ::=
  MONITOR INIT

N

<new_index_name> ::=
  <index_name>

<new_password> ::=
  <password>

<new_schema_name> ::=
  <schema_name>

<new_synonym_name> ::=
  <synonym_name>

<new_table_name> ::=
  <table_name>

<new_user_name> ::=
  <user_name>

<new_usergroup_name> ::=
  <usergroup_name>

<next_stamp_statement> ::=
  NEXT STAMP [INTO] <parameter_name>

<not_reserved_key_word> ::=

ADD

ADDRESS

ADD_MONTHS

AFTER

ALTERIN

ANALYZE

AND

ANSI

APPEND

ARCHIVE

AS

ASC

AT

AUTHORIZATION

AUTO

AUTOSAVE

BACKUP_PAGES

BAD

BEFORE

BEGIN

BEGINLOAD

BEGINPROC

BETWEEN

BLOCK

BLOCKSIZE

BOTH

BREAK

BUFFER

BUFFERPOOL

BWHIERARCHY

BY

 

CACHE

CACHELIMIT

CACHES

CALL

CANCEL

CASCADE

CATALOG

CATCH

CHECKPOINT

CLEAR

CLOSE

CLUSTER

COMMENT

COMMIT

COMPUTE

CONFIG

CONNECT

CONSTRAINTS

CONTAINER

CONTINUE

COSTLIMIT

COSTWARNING

CREATE

CREATEIN

CURRENT_DATE

CURRENT_SCHEMA

CURRENT_TIME

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

CURRVAL

CURSOR

CYCLE

 

DATA

DAYS

DB2

DBA

DBPROC

DBPROCEDURE

DB_ABOVE_LIMIT

DB_BELOW_LIMIT

DEBUG

DECLARE

DEFAULTCODE

DEGREE

DESC

DESCRIBE

DEVICE

DIAGNOSE

DIMENSION

DISABLE

DIV

DO

DOMAIN

DROP

DROPIN

DSETPASS

DUPLICATES

DYNAMIC

 

 

EDITPROC

ELSE

ENABLE

END

ENDLOAD

ENDPROC

ERROR

ESCAPE

ESTIMATE

EUR

EVENT

EXCLUSIVE

EXECUTE

EXPLAIN

EXPLICIT

EXTENDED

FACT

FALSE

FETCH

FILE

FLUSH

FORCE

FOREIGN

FORMAT

FREEPAGE

FUNCTION

FVERSION

 

GET

GRANT

 

 

HIGH

HOLD

HOURS

 

IDENTIFIED

IF

IMPLICIT

IN

INCREMENT

INDEXNAME

INDICATOR

INFO

INIT

INITRANS

INOUT

INPROC

INSTANCE

INSTR

IS

ISO

ISOLATION

 

 

 

JAVA

JIS

 

 

LABEL

LANGUAGE

LAST_DAY

LEVEL

LIKE

LOAD

LOCAL

LOCK

LOGFULL

LOGWRITER

LOG_ABOVE_LIMIT

LOW

MAXTRANS

MAXVALUE

MEDIANAME

MEDIUM

MICROSECONDS

MIGRATE

MINUS

MINUTES

MINVALUE

MODE

MODIFY

MONITOR

MONTHS

MONTHS_BETWEEN

 

 

NAME

NEW

NEW_TIME

NEXTVAL

NEXT_DAY

NLSSORT

NLS_DATE_FORMAT

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE

NLS_LANGUAGE

NLS_SORT

NOCACHE

NOCYCLE

NOLOG

NOMAXVALUE

NOMINVALUE

NONE

NOORDER

NOREWIND

NORMAL

NOSORT

NOWAIT

NUMBER

NVL

 

OBID

OFF

ONLY

OPEN

OPTIMISTIC

OPTIMIZE

OPTION

OR

ORACLE

OUT

OUTER

OVERWRITE

PACKAGE

PAGE

PAGES

PARAM

PARSE

PARSEID

PASSWORD

PCTFREE

PCTUSED

PERCENT

PING

PIPE

POS

PRECISION

PREPARE

PRIV

PRIVILEGES

PROC

PROCEDURE

PSM

PUBLIC

 

 

 

QUICK

 

 

 

RANGE

RAW

RAWTOHEX

READ

RECURSIVE

REFERENCES

REGISTER

RELEASE

REMOTE

REMOVE

RENAME

REPLICATION

RESOURCE

RESTART

RESTORE

RESTRICT

RESUME

RETURN

RETURNS

REUSE

REVOKE

ROLE

ROLLBACK

ROW

ROWNUM

ROWS

 

 

SAME

SAMPLE

SAPR3

SAVE

SAVEPOINT

SCHEMA

SECONDS

SELECTIVITY

SEQUENCE

SERVERDB

SESSION

SHARE

SHUTDOWN

SNAPSHOT

SOUNDS

SQLID

SQLMODE

STANDARD

STANDBY

START

STARTPOS

STAT

STATE

STATIC

STOP

STORAGE

SUBPAGES

SUBTRANS

SUSPEND

SWITCH

SYNCHRONIZE

SYNONYM

SYSDATE

 

 

 

TABID

TABLESPACE

TAKEOVER

TAPE

TEMP

THEN

TIMEOUT

TOPIC

TO_CHAR

TO_DATE

TO_NUMBER

TRACE

TRIGGER

TRUE

TRY

TYPE

UNIQUE

UNKNOWN

UNLOAD

UNLOCK

UNTIL

UNUSED

USA

USAGE

USERID

 

 

 

VALIDPROC

VARCHAR2

VERIFY

VERSION

VIEW

VOLUME

VSIZE

VTRACE

WAIT

WHENEVER

WHILE

WORK

WRITE

WRITER

 

 

YEARS

 

 

 

<null_predicate> ::=
  <expression> IS [NOT] NULL

<numeric_literal> ::=
  <fixed_point_literal>
| <floating_point_literal>

O

<object_spec> ::=
  COLUMN <table_name>.<column_name>
| DBPROC[EDURE] <dbproc_name>
| DOMAIN <domain_name>
| FOREIGN KEY <table_name>.<referential_constraint_name>
| INDEX <index_name> ON <table_name>
| SEQUENCE <sequence_name>
| [PUBLIC] SYNONYM <synonym_name>
| TABLE <table_name>
| TRIGGER <trigger_name>.<table_name>
| USER <user_name>
| USERGROUP <usergroup_name>
| <parameter_name>

<offset> ::=
  <unsigend_integer>
| <parameter_name>

<old_index_name> ::=
  <index_name>

<old_password> ::=
  <password>

<old_synonym_name> ::=
  <synonym_name>

<old_table_name> ::=
  <table_name>

<order_clause> ::=
  ORDER BY <sort_spec>,...

<outer_join_indicator> ::=
  (+)

P

<parameter_name> ::=
  :<identifier>
| ?

<parameter_spec> ::=
  <parameter_name> [<indicator_name>]

<password> ::=
  <identifier>
| <first_password_character>[<identifier_tail_character>...]

<pattern_element> ::=
  <match_string>
| <match_set>

<position> ::=
  POS (<unsigned_integer>)
| POS (<parameter_spec>)
| ABSOLUTE <integer>
| ABSOLUTE <parameter_spec>
| RELATIVE <integer>
| RELATIVE <parameter_spec>

<predicate> ::=
  <between_predicate>
| <bool_predicate>
| <comparison_predicate>
| <default_predicate>
| <exists_predicate>
| <in_predicate>
| <join_predicate>
| <like_predicate>
| <null_predicate>
| <quantified_predicate>
| <rowno_predicate>
| <sound_predicate>

<priv_spec> ::=
  ALL [PRIV[ILEGES]] ON [TABLE] <table_name>,...
| <privilege>,...  ON [TABLE] <table_name>,...
| <role_name>

<privilege> ::=
  
ALTER
| DELETE
| INDEX
|
 INSERT
| REFERENCES [(<column_name>,...)]
| SELECT [(<column name>,...)]
| SELUPD [(<column name>,...)]
| UPDATE [(<column_name>,...)]

Q

<quantified_predicate> ::=
  <expression> <comp_op> <quantifier> <expression_list>
| <expression> <comp_op> <quantifier> <subquery>
| <expression_list> <equal_or_not> <quantifier> (<expression_list>,...)
| <expression_list> <equal_or_not> <quantifier> <subquery>

<quantifier> ::=
  ALL
| SOME
| ANY

<query_expression> ::=
  <query_term>
| <query_expression> UNION [ALL] <query_term>
| <query_expression> EXCEPT [ALL] <query_term>

<query_primary> ::=
  <query_spec>
| (<query_expression>)

<query_spec> ::=
  SELECT [<distinct_spec>] [<top_spec>] <select_column>,... <table_expression>

<query_statement> ::=
  <declare_cursor_statement>
| <recursive_declare_cursor_statement>
| <select_statement>

<query_term> ::=
  <query_primary>
| <query_term> INTERSECT [ALL] <query_primary>

R

<recursive_declare_cursor_statement> ::=
  DECLARE <result_table_name> CURSOR FOR WITH RECURSIVE <reference_name> (<alias_name>,...) AS (<initial_select> UNION ALL <recursive_select>) <final_select>

<recursive_select> ::=
  <query_spec>

<reference_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<referenced_column> ::=
  <column_name>

<referenced_table> ::=
  <table_name>

<referencing_column> ::=
  <column_name>

<referential_constraint_definition> ::=
  FOREIGN KEY [<referential_constraint_name>] (<referencing_column>,...)
REFERENCES <referenced_table> [(<referenced_column>,...)] [<delete_rule>]

<referential_constraint_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<regular_token> ::=
  <literal>
| <key_word>
| <identifier>
| <parameter_name>

<release_savepoint_statement> ::=
  RELEASE SAVEPOINT <sql_savepoint_name>

<release_statement> ::=
  COMMIT [WORK] RELEASE
| ROLLBACK [WORK] RELEASE

<rename_column_statement> ::=
  RENAME COLUMN <table_name>.<column_name> TO <column_name>

<rename_index_statement> ::=
  RENAME INDEX <old_index_name> [ON <table_name>] TO <new_index_name>

<rename_schema_statement> ::=
  RENAME SCHEMA <schema_name> TO <new_schema_name>

<rename_synonym_statement> ::=
  RENAME [PUBLIC] SYNONYM <old_synonym_name> TO <new_synonym_name>

<rename_table_statement> ::=
  RENAME TABLE <old_table_name> TO <new_table_name>

<rename_user_statement> ::=
  RENAME USER <user_name> TO <new_user_name>

<rename_usergroup_statement> ::=
  RENAME USERGROUP <usergroup_name> TO <new_usergroup_name>

<rename_view_statement> ::=
  RENAME VIEW <old_table_name> TO <new_table_name>

<reserved_key_word> ::=

ABS

ABSOLUTE

ACOS

ADDDATE

ADDTIME

ALL

ALPHA

ALTER

ANY

ASCII

ASIN

ATAN

ATAN2

AVG

 

 

BINARY

BIT

BOOLEAN

BYTE

CASE

CEIL

CEILING

CHAR

CHARACTER

CHECK

CHR

COLUMN

CONCAT

CONSTRAINT

COS

COSH

COT

COUNT

CROSS

CURDATE

CURRENT

CURTIME

 

 

DATABASE

DATE

DATEDIFF

DAY

DAYNAME

DAYOFMONTH

DAYOFWEEK

DAYOFYEAR

DEC

DECIMAL

DECODE

DEFAULT

DEGREES

DELETE

DIGITS

DISTINCT

DOUBLE

 

 

 

EXCEPT

EXISTS

EXP

EXPAND

FIRST

FIXED

FLOAT

FLOOR

FOR

FROM

FULL

 

GET_OBJECTNAME

GET_SCHEMA

GRAPHIC

GREATEST

GROUP

 

 

 

HAVING

HEX

HEXTORAW

HOUR

IFNULL

IGNORE

INDEX

INITCAP

INNER

INSERT

INT

INTEGER

INTERNAL

INTERSECT

INTO

 

JOIN

 

 

 

KEY

 

 

 

LAST

LCASE

LEAST

LEFT

LENGTH

LFILL

LIST

LN

LOCATE

LOG

LOG10

LONG

LONGFILE

LOWER

LPAD

LTRIM

MAKEDATE

MAKETIME

MAPCHAR

MAX

MBCS

MICROSECOND

MIN

MINUTE

MOD

MONTH

MONTHNAME

 

NATURAL

NCHAR

NEXT

NO

NOROUND

NOT

NOW

NULL

NUM

NUMERIC

 

 

OBJECT

OF

ON

ORDER

PACKED

PI

POWER

PREV

PRIMARY

 

 

 

RADIANS

REAL

REJECT

RELATIVE

REPLACE

RFILL

RIGHT

ROUND

ROWID

ROWNO

RPAD

RTRIM

SECOND

SELECT

SELUPD

SERIAL

SET

SHOW

SIGN

SIN

SINH

SMALLINT

SOME

SOUNDEX

SPACE

SQRT

STAMP

STATISTICS

STDDEV

SUBDATE

SUBSTR

SUBSTRING

SUBTIME

SUM

SYSDBA

 

TABLE

TAN

TANH

TIME

TIMEDIFF

TIMESTAMP

TIMEZONE

TO

TOIDENTIFIER

TRANSACTION

TRANSLATE

TRIM

TRUNC

TRUNCATE

 

 

UCASE

UID

UNICODE

UNION

UPDATE

UPPER

USER

USERGROUP

USING

UTCDATE

UTCDIFF

 

VALUE

VALUES

VARCHAR

VARGRAPHIC

VARIANCE

 

 

 

WEEK

WEEKOFYEAR

WHEN

WHERE

WITH

 

 

 

YEAR

 

 

 

ZONED

 

 

 

<result_column_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<result_expression> ::=
  <expression>

<result_table_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<revoke_statement> ::=
  REVOKE <priv_spec>,... FROM <grantee>,... [<cascade_option>]
| REVOKE <schema_priv_spec> FROM <grantee>,...
| REVOKE EXECUTE ON <dbproc_name> FROM <grantee>,...
| REVOKE EXECUTE ON <dbfunction_name> FROM <grantee>,...
| REVOKE SELECT ON <sequence_name> FROM <grantee>,... [<cascade_option>]

<role_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<rollback_statement> ::=
  ROLLBACK [WORK]

<rollback_to_statement> ::=
  ROLLBACK TO [SAVEPOINT] <sql_savepoint_name>

<routine> ::=
  [<local_variables>] <statement_list>;

<routine_sql_statement> ::=
  <call_statement>
| <close_statement>
| <create_table_temp>
| <declare_cursor_statement>
| <delete_statement>
| <drop_table_temp>
| <fetch_statement>
| <insert_statement>
| <lock_statement>
| <recursive_declare_cursor_statement>
| <select_statement>
| <single_select_statement>
| <subtrans_statement>
| <update_statement>

<row_count> ::=
  <unsigned_integer>
| <parameter_name>

<row_spec> ::=
  ROW <table_name> KEY <key_spec>,...
| ROW <table_name> CURRENT OF <result_table_name>

<rowno_column> ::=
  ROWNO [ [AS] <result_column_name>]

<rowno_predicate> ::=
  ROWNO < <unsigned_integer>
| ROWNO < <parameter_spec>
| ROWNO <= <unsigned_integer>
| ROWNO <= <parameter_spec>

S

<sample_definition> ::=
  SAMPLE <unsigned_integer> ROWS
| SAMPLE <unsigned_integer> PERCENT

<savepoint_statement> ::=
  SAVEPOINT <sql_savepoint_name>

<scalar_subquery> ::=
  <subquery>

<schema_authorization_identifier> ::=
  <identifier>

<schema_element> ::=
  <create_table_statement>
| <create_view_statement>
| <create_dbproc_statement>
| <create_function_statement>
| <create_sequence_statement>

<schema_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<schema_name_clause> ::=
  <schema_name>
| <schema_name> AUTHORIZATION <schema_authorization_identifier>

<schema_priv_spec> ::=
  <schema_privilege> ON <schema_name>,...

<schema_privilege> ::=
  CREATEIN
| DROPIN

<search_and_result_spec> ::=
  <search_expression>, <result_expression>

<search_condition> ::=
  <boolean_term>
| <search_condition> OR <boolean_term>

<search_expression> ::=
  <expression>

<searched_case_function> ::=
  WHEN <search_condition> THEN <result_expression>
    [...]
  [ELSE <default_expression>]
END

<searched_case_statement> ::=
  CASE
    <searched_case_when_clause> ...
    [<case_else_clause>]
  END [CASE]

<searched_case_when_clause> ::=
  WHEN <search_condition> THEN <statement>;

<seconds> ::=
  <expression>

<select_column> ::=
  <table_columns>
| <derived_column>
| <rowno_column>
| <stamp_column>

<select_statement> ::=
  <query_expression> [<order_clause>] [<limit_clause>] [<update_clause>]
    [<lock_option>] [FOR REUSE]

<sequence_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<set_function_name> ::=
  AVG
| COUNT
| MAX
| MIN
| STDDEV
| SUM
| VARIANCE

<set_function_spec> ::=
  COUNT (*)
| <all_function>
| <distinct_function>

<set_insert_clause> ::=
  <column_name> = <extended_value_spec>

<set_statement> ::=
  SET ROLE ALL [EXCEPT <role_name>,...]
| SET ROLE NONE
| SET ROLE <role_name>,... [IDENTIFIED BY <password>]
| SET ISOLATION LEVEL <unsigned_integer>
| SET CURRENT_SCHEMA = <schema_name>

<set_update_clause> ::=
  <column_name> = <extended_expression>
| <column_name>,... = (<extended_expression>,...)
| (<column_name>,...) = (<extended_expression>,...)
| <column_name> = <subquery>
| (<column_name>,...) = <subquery>

<sign> ::=
  +
| -

<simple_case_function> ::=
  CASE <check_expression>
    WHEN <search_expression> THEN <result_expression>
      [...]
    [ELSE <default_expression>]
  END

<simple_case_statement> ::=
  CASE <expression>
    <simple_case_when_clause> ...
    [<case_else_clause>]
  END [CASE]

<simple_case_when_clause> ::=
  WHEN <literal>[, ...] THEN <statement>;

<simple_identifier> ::=
  <first_character>[<identifier_tail_character>...]

<single_select_statement> ::=
  SELECT [<distinct_spec>] <select_column>,... INTO <parameter_spec>,...
    FROM <from_table_spec>,...[<where_clause>] [<group_clause>]
    [<having_clause>] [<lock_option>]

<sort_spec> ::=
  <unsigned_integer> [ASC | DESC]
| <expression> [ASC | DESC]

<sound_predicate> ::=
  <expression> [NOT] SOUNDS [LIKE] <expression>

<source_user> ::=
  <user_name>

<special_character> ::=
  
<!  Every character except
    <digit>
  | <letter>
  | <extended_letter>
  | <hex_digit>
  | <language_specific_character >
  | <character for the end of a line in a file
>  !>

<special_function> ::=
  <case_function>
| DECODE (<check_expression>,<search_and_result_spec>,...[,<default_expression>])
| GREATEST (<expression>,<expression>,...)
| LEAST (<expression>,<expression>,...)
| VALUE (<expression>,<expression>,...)

<special_identifier> ::=
  <special_identifier_character>...

<special_identifier_character> ::=
  <!  <
any character>  !>

<sql_comment> ::=
  /*<sql_comment_text>*/
| --<sql_comment_text>

<sql_comment_text> ::=
  <!  <comment text>  !>

<sql_savepoint_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<sql_statement> ::=
  <alter_index_statement>
| <alter_password_statement>
| <alter_table_statement>
| <alter_user_statement>
| <alter_usergroup_statement>
| <call_statement>
| <close_statement>
| <comment_on_statement>
| <commit_statement>
| <connect_statement>
| <create_dbproc_statement>
| <create_domain_statement>
| <create_function_statement>
| <create_index_statement>
| <create_role_statement>
| <create_schema_statement>
| <create_sequence_statement>
| <create_synonym_statement>
| <create_system_trigger_statement>
| <create_table_statement>
| <create_trigger_statement>
| <create_user_statement>
| <create_usergroup_statement>
| <create_view_statement>
| <delete_statement>
| <drop_dbproc_statement>
| <drop_domain_statement>
| <drop_function_statement>
| <drop_index_statement>
| <drop_role_statement>
| <drop_schema_statement>
| <drop_sequence_statement>
| <drop_synonym_statement>
| <drop_system_trigger_statement>
| <drop_table_statement>
| <drop_trigger_statement>
| <drop_user_statement>
| <drop_usergroup_statement>
| <drop_view_statement>
| <exists_table_statement>
| <explain_statement>
| <fetch_statement>
| <grant_statement>
| <grant_user_statement>
| <grant_usergroup_statement>
| <inner_transaction_statement>
| <insert_statement>
| <lock_statement>
| <monitor_statement>
| <next_stamp_statement>
| <query_statement>
| <release_statement>
| <rename_column_statement>
| <rename_index_statement>
| <rename_schema_statement>
| <rename_synonym_statement>
| <rename_table_statement>
| <rename_user_statement>
| <rename_usergroup_statement>
| <rename_view_statement>
| <revoke_statement>
| <rollback_statement>
| <rollback_to_statement>
| <savepoint_statement>
| <set_statement>
| <single_select_statement>
| <subtrans_statement>
| <unlock_statement>
| <update_statement>
| <update_statistics_statement>

<stamp_column> ::=
  STAMP [ [AS] <result_column_name>]

<statement> ::=
  BEGIN <statement_list> END
| BREAK
| CONTINUE
| CONTINUE EXECUTE
| <if_statement>
| <while_statement>
| <assignment_statement>
| <case_statement>
| RETURN [<expression>]
| STOP (<expression> [,<expression>] )
| TRY <statement_list>; CATCH <statement>
| <routine_sql_statement>

<statement_list> ::=
  <statement>
| <statement_list> ; <statement>

<string_function> ::=
  <string_spec> || <string_spec>
| <string_spec> & <string_spec>
| ALPHA (<string_spec>[,<unsigned_integer>])
| ASCII (<string_spec>)
| EXPAND (<string_spec>,<unsigned_integer>)
| GET_OBJECTNAME (<string_literal>)
| GET_SCHEMA (<string_literal>)
| INITCAP (<string_spec>)
| LFILL (<string_spec>,<string_literal>[,<unsigned_integer>])
| LOWER (<string_spec>)
| LPAD (<string_spec>,<expression>,<string_literal>[,<unsigned_integer>])
| LTRIM (<string_spec>[,<string_spec>])
| MAPCHAR (<string_spec>[,<unsigned_integer>][,<mapchar_set_name>])
| REPLACE (<string_spec>,<string_spec>[,<string_spec>])
| RFILL (<string_spec>,<string_literal>[,<unsigned_integer>])
| RPAD (<string_spec>,<expression>,<string_literal>[,<unsigned_integer>])
| RTRIM (<string_spec>[,<string_spec>])
| SOUNDEX (<string_spec>)
| SUBSTR (<string_spec>,<expression>[,<expression>])
| TRANSLATE (<string_spec>,<string_spec>,<string_spec>)
| TRIM (<string_spec>[,<string_spec>])
| UPPER (<string_spec>)

<string_literal> ::=
  ''
| '<character>...'
| <hex_literal>

<string_spec> ::=
  <expression>

<subquery> ::=
  (<query_expression>)

<subtrans_statement> ::=
  SUBTRANS BEGIN
| SUBTRANS END
| SUBTRANS ROLLBACK

<synonym_name> ::=
  <identifier>

T

<table_columns> ::=
  *
| <table_name>.*
| <reference_name>.*

<table_description_element> ::=
  <column_definition>
| <constraint_definition>
| <referential_constraint_definition>
| <key_definition>
| <unique_definition>

<table_expression> ::=
  <from_clause> [<where_clause>] [<group_clause>] [<having_clause>]

<table_name> ::=
  [<schema_name>.]<identifier>

<term> ::=
  <factor>
| <term> * <factor>
| <term> / <factor>
| <term> DIV <factor>
| <term> MOD <factor>

<time_expression> ::=
  <expression>

<time_or_timestamp_expression> ::=
  <expression>

<time_function> ::=
  ADDTIME (<time_or_timestamp_expression>, <time_expression> )
| MAKETIME (<hours>, <minutes>, <seconds> )
| SUBTIME ( <time_or_timestamp_expression>, <time_expression> )
| TIMEDIFF ( <time_or_timestamp_expression>, <time_or_timestamp_expression> )

<token> ::=
  <regular_token>
| <delimiter_token>

<top_spec> ::=
  TOP <unsigned_integer>
| TOP <parameter_name>

<trigger_event> :: =
  INSERT
| UPDATE [(<column_list>)]
| DELETE

<trigger_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<trigonometric_function> ::=
  COS ( <expression> )
| SIN ( <expression> )
| TAN ( <expression> )
| COT ( <expression> )
| COSH ( <expression> )
| SINH ( <expression> )
| TANH ( <expression> )
| ACOS ( <expression> )
| ASIN ( <expression> )
| ATAN ( <expression> )
| ATAN2 ( <expression>, <expression> )
| RADIANS ( <expression> )
| DEGREES ( <expression> )

U

<underscore> ::=
  _

<unique_definition> ::=
  [CONSTRAINT <index_name>] UNIQUE (<column_name>,...)

<unlock_statement> ::=
  UNLOCK <row_spec> ... IN SHARE MODE
| UNLOCK <row_spec> ... IN EXCLUSIVE MODE
| UNLOCK <row_spec> ... IN SHARE MODE <row_spec> ... IN EXCLUSIVE MODE
| UNLOCK <row_spec> ... OPTIMISTIC

<unsigned_integer> ::=
  <numeric_literal>

<update_clause> ::=
  FOR UPDATE [OF <column_name>,...] [NOWAIT]

<update_statement> ::=
  UPDATE [OF] <table_name> [<reference_name>] SET <set_update_clause>,...
[KEY <key_spec>,...] [WHERE <search_condition>] [NOWAIT] [IGNORE TRIGGER]
| UPDATE [OF] <table_name> [<reference_name>] (<column_name>,...)
    VALUES (<extended_value_spec>,...) [KEY <key_spec>,...]
    [WHERE <search_condition>] [NOWAIT] [IGNORE TRIGGER]
| UPDATE [OF] <table_name> [<reference_name>] SET <set_update_clause>,...
    WHERE CURRENT OF <result_table_name> [NOWAIT]
| UPDATE [OF] <table_name> [<reference_name>] (<column_name>,...)
    VALUES (<extended_value_spec>,...) WHERE CURRENT OF <result_table_name> [NOWAIT]

<update_statistics_statement> ::=
  UPDATE STAT[ISTICS] COLUMN <table_name>.<column_name>
    [ESTIMATE [<sample_definition>]]
| UPDATE STAT[ISTICS] COLUMN (<column_name>,...) FOR <table_name>
    [ESTIMATE [<sample_definition>]]
| UPDATE STAT[ISTICS] COLUMN (*) FOR <table_name>
    [ESTIMATE [<sample_definition>]]
| UPDATE STAT[ISTICS] <table_name> [ESTIMATE [<sample_definition>]]
| UPDATE STAT[ISTICS] [<schema_name>.][<identifier>]* [ESTIMATE [<sample_definition>]]
| UPDATE STAT[ISTICS] AS PER SYSTEM TABLE

<user_mode> ::=
  DBA
| RESOURCE
| STANDARD

<user_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<usergroup_mode> ::=
  RESOURCE
| STANDARD

<usergroup_name> ::=
  <identifier>

V

<value_spec> ::=
  <literal>
| <parameter_spec>
| NULL
| USER
| USERGROUP
| SYSDBA
| CURRENT_SCHEMA
| UID
| [<schema_name>.]<sequence_name>.NEXTVAL
| [<schema_name>.]<sequence_name>.CURRVAL
| <table_name>.CURRVAL
| DATE
| TIME
| TIMESTAMP
| UTCDATE
| TIMEZONE
| UTCDIFF
| TRUE
| FALSE
| TRANSACTION

<variable_name> ::=
  <identifier>

<vertical_slash> ::=
  |

W

<where_clause> ::=
  WHERE <search_condition>

<while_statement> ::=
  WHILE <search_condition> DO <statement>

 

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